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Saturday, July 9, 2011

U.S.’ Foreign Policy’s Support toward Anti-Democracy and Human Rights Violators Regime


Promotion of human rights and democracy become the main theme in U.S. foreign policy until today. Promotion of human rights and democracy as U.S. political values acquire issue when it collides with economic and security interests. As the result, the issue of human rights and democracy are often ignored.
During the Cold War, this problem occurred when U.S. supported a number of right-wing dictators in some countries. In Chile, U.S. supported the regime of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) who run the government authoritatively which often committed violation against human right and democracy.
This issue certainly brings out some questions, including: What is the basis of U.S. support the regime of Pinochet? Why is U.S. willing to “sacrifice” its political ideal? And what is the true meaning of human rights and democracy for U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War?
            By using a qualitative approach to analyze the data primarily from some documents that already released by U.S. State Department, books, journals, and some website articles, this study wants to answer those questions above. This thesis is a concept which the author called as “capital securitizing” The concept of “capital securitizing” is an operational definition which attempts to explain the workings of the process of making U.S. foreign policy which is inconsistent with the values of its political ideal.

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Promosi hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi menjadi tema utama dalam kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat (AS) sampai hari ini. Promosi hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi sebagai nilai-nilai ideal politik AS menuai persoalan ketika harus berbenturan dengan kepentingan ekonomi dan keamanan. Akibatnya, persoalan hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi kerap diabaikan.
Pada masa Perang Dingin persoalan ini terjadi ketika AS mendukung sejumlah diktator sayap kanan di beberapa negara. Di Chile, AS mendukung pemerintahan Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) yang menjalankan pemerintahan dengan otoriter yang kerap melakukan pelanggaran HAM dan anti demokrasi. 
Persoalan ini tentu memunculkan beberapa pertanyaan di antaranya; Apa sebenarnya yang melandasi AS mendukung rezim Pinochet? Mengapa AS rela “mengorbankan” politik idealnya? Dan apa sejatinya makna HAM dan demokrasi bagi politik luar negeri AS pada masa Perang Dingin?
Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganilisis data terutama dari dokumen-dokumen yang sudah dirilis Departemen Luar Negeri AS, buku-buku, jurnal dan sejumlah artikel di website, penelitian ini ingin menjawab berbagai pertanyaan di atas.
Tesis penelitian ini adalah sebuah konsep yang penulis sebut sebagai “capital securitizing”. Konsep capital securitizing merupakan definisi operasional yang ingin menjelaskan bagaimana cara kerja dari proses pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri AS yang tidak sejalan dengan nilai-nilai ideal politiknya.

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